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The United States–Peru Trade Promotion Agreement ((スペイン語:Acuerdo de Promoción Comercial Perú – Estados Unidos o Tratado de Libre Comercio Perú – Estados Unidos)) is a bilateral free trade agreement, whose objectives are eliminating obstacles to trade, consolidating access to goods and services and fostering private investment in and between the United States and Peru. Besides commercial issues, it incorporates economic, institutional, intellectual property, labor and environmental policies, among others. The agreement was signed on April 12, 2006; ratified by the Peruvian Congress on June 28, 2006; by the U.S. House of Representatives on November 2, 2007 and by the U.S. Senate on December 4, 2007. The Agreement was implemented on February 1, 2009.〔, published at 74 FR 4105, January 22, 2009〕 ==History== On December 4, 1991, under the George H. W. Bush administration, the United States enacted the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA), eliminating tariffs on a number of products from Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador.〔Office of the United States Trade Representative, , January 31, 2001, p. 7. Retrieved on December 4, 2007.〕 Its objective was the strengthening of legal industries in these countries as alternatives to drug production and trafficking.〔Office of the United States Trade Representative, , January 31, 2001, p. 1. Retrieved on December 4, 2007.〕 The program was renewed on October 31, 2002 by the George W. Bush administration as the Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA).〔The White House, ''(Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act )''. October 31, 2002. Retrieved on November 30, 2007.〕 Under the renewed act, Andean products exempted from tariffs increased from around 5,600 to some 6,300.〔Office of the United States Trade Representative, ''(New Andean Trade Benefits )''. September 25, 2002. Retrieved on December 4, 2007.〕 ATPDEA was set to expire on December 31, 2006 but was renewed by Congress for six months, up to June 30, 2007.〔Office of the United States Trade Representative, , April 30, 2007, p. 1. Retrieved on December 4, 2007.〕 A further extension was granted on June 28, 2007, this time for eight months, up to February 29, 2008.〔Reuters, (US Senate OKs 8-month Andean trade pact extension ). June 28, 2007. Retrieved on December 4, 2007.〕 On November 18, 2003, the U.S. Trade Representative, Robert Zoellick, notified Congress of the intention of the Bush administration to initiate negotiations for a free trade agreement with the countries involved in ATPDEA.〔Office of the United States Trade Representative, ''(USTR Notifies Congress of Intent to Initiate Free Trade Talks with Andean Countries )''. November 18, 2003. Retrieved on December 4, 2007.〕 Negotiations started without Bolivia in May 2004, however, as each of the three remaining Andean countries decided to pursue bilateral agreements with the United States. After 13 rounds of negotiations, Peru and the United States concluded an agreement on December 7, 2005. Alfredo Ferrero, Peruvian Minister of Foreign Trade and Tourism, and the U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman signed the deal on April 12, 2006 in Washington, D.C., in the presence of Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo. The Congress of Peru debated the agreement for six hours during the night of June 27, 2006 and ratified it in the early hours of the next day. The vote was 79–14, with seven abstentions.〔 El Comercio, ''(Por amplia mayoría Congreso aprobó ratificación del TLC )''. June 28], 2006. Retrieved on November 30, 2007.〕 The U.S. House of Representatives approved the agreement on November 8, 2007, with a 285–132 vote.〔The New York Times, (Democrats Divided as House Passes Peru Trade Bill ). November 8, 2007. Retrieved on November 30, 2007.〕〔House Clerk's Office, (). Retrieved on February 13, 2008.〕 The U.S. Senate approved the agreement on December 4, 2007, with a 77–18 vote.〔The New York Times, (Senate Approves Peru Trade Deal ). December 5, 2007. Retrieved on December 5, 2007.〕〔Senate Clerk's Office, (). Retrieved on February 13, 2008.〕 The implementation bills gained wide support from the Republican Party (176–16 in the House, 47–1 in the Senate) and split backing from the Democratic Party (109–116 and 29–17). On January 16, 2009 President George W. Bush signed a proclamation To Implement the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement and for Other Purposes, effective February 1, 2009. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peru–United States Trade Promotion Agreement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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